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PUNJAB
— a factfile
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Capital: Chandigarh (population: 642,000)
Languages: Punjabi
and Hindi.
Religion: Sikhism
and Hinduism
State Animal: Black
Buck (locally called Kala Hiran). The Black Buck is a
graceful antelope is blessed with a striking colour and
spiralled horns. The fawn’s coat is yellowish but
it becomes black at maturity. Mostly found in herds of
20-30, large herds may number several hundreds. With a
keen eyesight and speed, it responds to alarm call by
leaps and bounds.
State Bird: Baz (Eastern
Goshawk)
State Tree: Shisham
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GEOGRAPHY
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Area: 50,362 square
kilometers (Punjab occupies 1.54 % of the country’s
total geographical area.)
Location: Punjab is
situated in the northwest of India, it is bordered by
Pakistan on the west, the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir
on the north, Himachal Pradesh on its northeast and Haryana
and Rajasthan to its south.
Extension: 29’30’’
N to 32’32’’ N latitude and 73’55
E to 76’50 E longitude.
Climate: Climatically
the state has three major seasons.
Hot weather (April to June):
When temperature rises as high as 110 F.
Rainy season (July to September):
Average rainfall annual ranges between 96 cms sub- mountain
region and 58 cms in the plains.
Cold weather (October to March):
Temperature goes down as low as 40F.
Major Land Features:
Most of Punjab is a fertile plain; toward the southeast
one finds semi-arid and desert landscape; a belt of undulating
hills extends along the northeast at the foot of the Himalayas.
Four rivers, the Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Ghaggar flow across
the state in a southwesterly direction. They have numerous
small and seasonal tributaries. In addition, Punjab is
watered by an extensive canal system. |
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HUMAN
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Population: 23.51 million (P) for the year
1999
Rural: 16.56 million (70.45
)%
Urban: 6.95 million (29.55
)%
Population Density:
403 (per sq km)
Sex ratio: 882 Females
per 1000 males (1991)
Literacy rate (1991):
58.5%
Male: 58,97,599 (65.66%)
Female: 40,55,366 (50.41%) |
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ADMINISTRATIVE
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Divisions:
4
Districts: 17 (Amritsar,
Bhatinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur,
Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar,
Nawanshahr, Patiala, Ropar and Sangrur)
Sub-Divisions/Tehsil:
71
Sub Tehsils: 56
Blocks: 138
Total no. of inhabited villages:
12,795
No. of towns: 120
(The main towns are: Amritsar, Batala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana,
Mohali, Patiala, Ferozepur, Bathinda, Mandi Gobindgarh
and Rajpura).
Seats in Rajya Sabha:
7
Lok Sabha constituencies:
13
Vidhan Sabha constituencies:
117 |
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